In Text Citation Does Author Name Need to Be Written Again

In-Text Citations: The Basics

Notation: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Transmission (i.due east., APA 7), which released in Oct 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA half dozen style tin can be institute here.

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some full general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Annotation: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for point phrases that occur in the literature review and process descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)found or Jones (1998)has found...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may let the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998)finds).

APA Citation Basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This ways that the writer's last proper name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should announced in the reference list at the stop of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another piece of work butNOT directly quoting the fabric, or making reference to an entire volume, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the writer and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other mitt, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the stop of the parenthetical citation. Utilize the abbreviation "p." (for one page) or "pp." (for multiple pages) before listing the folio number(southward). Use an en dash for page ranges. For instance, you lot might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated beneath.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must announced in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including writer names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:Permanence and Change. Exceptions use to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:Writing New Media,In that location Is Nothing Left to Lose.

(Note: in your References list, just the first discussion of a title volition be capitalized:Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:Natural-Born Cyborgs.
• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Picture show Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock'southVertigo."
• If the championship of the work is italicized in your reference listing, italicize information technology and use title case capitalization in the text:The Closing of the American Heed;The Wizard of Oz;Friends.
• If the title of the piece of work is not italicized in your reference list, apply double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence example): "Multimedia Narration: Amalgam Possible Worlds;" "The 1 Where Chandler Tin can't Cry."

Short quotations

If yous are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single folio and "pp." for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash).

You can introduce the quotation with a bespeak phrase that includes the author'southward final name followed past the date of publication in parentheses.

According to Jones (1998), "students ofttimes had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found "students oftentimes had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If you do not include the author's name in the text of the judgement, place the writer's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses subsequently the quotation.

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA mode" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offering an explanation as to why.

Long quotations

Place directly quotations that are xl words or longer in a free-continuing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.due east., in the same place you lot would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation one/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but practise not add together an actress blank line before or later on it. The parenthetical commendation should come later on the closing punctuation marker.

Considering block quotation formatting is difficult for the states to replicate in the OWL's content management organization, nosotros have simply provided a screenshot of a generic instance beneath.

Formatting example for cake quotations in APA seven manner.

Quotations from sources without pages

Directly quotations from sources that do not contain pages should non reference a folio number. Instead, you may reference some other logical identifying element: a paragraph, a affiliate number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (similar religious texts) can also incorporate special location identifiers similar poesy numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source.

Jones (1998) found a variety of causes for student dissatisfaction with prevailing citation practices (paras. 4–5).

A meta-assay of available literature (Jones, 1998) revealed inconsistency across large-scale studies of pupil learning (Table 3).

Summary or paraphrase

If you lot are paraphrasing an idea from another work, y'all only have to make reference to the writer and yr of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will aid the reader find the information in a longer work.

Co-ordinate to Jones (1998), APA mode is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.

APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

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Source: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

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